This article presents an argument for why quantum computers could unlock new methods for machine learning. We argue that spectral methods, in particular those that learn, regularise, or otherwise manipulate the Fourier spectrum of a machine learning model, are often natural for quantum computers. For example, if a generative machine learning model is represented by a quantum state, the Quantum Fourier Transform allows us to manipulate the Fourier spectrum of the state using the entire toolbox of quantum routines, an operation that is usually prohibitive for classical models. At the same time, spectral methods are surprisingly fundamental to machine learning: A spectral bias has recently been hypothesised to be the core principle behind the success of deep learning; support vector machines have been known for decades to regularise in Fourier space, and convolutional neural nets build filters in the Fourier space of images. Could, then, quantum computing open fundamentally different, much more direct and resource-efficient ways to design the spectral properties of a model? We discuss this potential in detail here, hoping to stimulate a direction in quantum machine learning research that puts the question of ``why quantum?'' first.

In this interview series, we're meeting some of the AAAI/SIGAI Doctoral Consortium participants to find out more about their research. We sat down with Maxime Meyer to chat about his current research, future plans, and how he found the doctoral consortium experience. Could you start with an introduction to yourself, where you're studying and the topic of your research? My research focuses on large language models. Which aspect of large language models are you looking at?

For learning Boolean concept classes, we show that the entangled and separable sample complexity are polynomially related .

Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) have emerged to obtain possible quantum advantage. In particular, how to effectively incorporate hard constraints in VQAs remains a critical and open question.

Both of the techniques assume bitwise access to the oracle as a classical function.

Computing gradients through backpropagation is crucial to the success of modern deep neural networks.